Writing History Essay Samples

Writing History Essay SamplesThere are many different kinds of history synthesis essays, but if you are just beginning your writing career then a history synthesis essay samples will be a good way to start. If you want to write history essays for a college paper or a high school essay you can learn all about the different parts of a synthesis from these writing samples.The first of these writing samples is 'A Brief History of History' and it comes with an essay question and answer guide and audio file that help guide you through the essay. This synthesis essay samples comes with two parts. The first part is a summary of historical events leading up to the present and the second part will give a summary of events from the last hundred years.Another writing sample on history synthesis essay samples is 'Interpreting an African American History Textbook' by Dave Baldus. This article contains an introduction, a basic outline of the topic, an explanation of how a synthesis essay works, and then is followed by a short analysis and discussion of the book. If you want to use this sample as a template for your own essay, this sample is a great place to start.If you are a white American history buff, then this is a great way to start with an essay about what all Americans do and why. You can learn all about the different historical figures and events through this writing sample. You can also find out which people and situations might apply to you by completing the survey questions.Another writing sample is 'Reconstructing the American Revolution' by Josh Welch. This article has a basic outline of the topic and then it gives a summary of events from the Revolutionary War through the Civil War.One of the most popular writing samples out there is 'An Introduction to Historiography' by Carolyn E. Robinson. The following article gives a brief overview of the topic and gives several examples of history synthesis writing samples.These writing samples cover a wide variety of topi cs and are a great place to start. Although they may not be perfect, it is easy to get started writing your own synthesis essay by using these samples. If you take the time to look through the writing samples and look at the format, you will find that you have a good idea of what to do.

The catcher in the rye and the stranger - 554 Words

Holden Caulfield and Mersault have both been alienated in their worlds as the authors have so clearly portrayed in both books. But as much as both have been alienated, one is an essentialist while the other remains an existentialist. Holden Caulfield being the essentialist that he is, has psychological motivation for every action he takes. He is a teenager that is struggling with the fact that everyone has to grow up, which to him means that you have to become â€Å"phony or corrupt†. While on the other hand Mersault, the existentialist, does things for no reason whatsoever. He is a completely aloof, unattached , unemotional person. He doesn’t think much about events or their consequences, nor does he express much feeling in relationships or†¦show more content†¦He feels that he is surrounded by hypocrites in a school filled with fakery. Principal Thurmur, the principal of Holden’s high school of which he got kicked out of, Pencey, was the leader of the whole charade. During a teacher/parent day, Principal Thurmur would only say hello to the wealthy parents of students. He would not associate himself with those that were not financially stable, because he was fake. So taking into account the way his principal is, it just adds on to his hatred of adults and fear of becoming one. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mersault on the other hand, gets alienated from the society in which he lives in which is still the one we live in today. Mersault shows no feelings towards the things that happen to him or the things he does. His own mother died and when he asked his boss for two days off he was wondering if his boss was mad at the fact he took a four day weekend. He even went as far as to tell his boss that it wasn’t his fault. Mersault rarely shows any feeling in situations which would, for most people, elicit strong emotions like in his relationship with Marie Cardona. She asked him to marry her and he responded that it doesn’t matter to him, and if she wants to get married he would agree. She also asked him if he loved her and he responded that marriage isn’t such a serious thing and doesn’t require love. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In our society, a person like Mersault whoShow MoreRelatedIs catcher in the rye and the stranger still relevant2691 Words   |  11 PagesAlbert Camus’ ‘The Outsider’ and J.D Salinger’s ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ both have central characters who find themselves on the boundaries of the society they live in. Holden Caulfield finds himself ‘lonesome’ in 1950’s New York, in the lead up to Christmas, while Meursault, the protagonist of Camus’ novel faces trial before a jury after committing the murder of an unnamed Arab man, in 1930’s Algeria. The question we must ask ourselves as readers is: are the stories of these two men still relevantRead MoreLord Of The Flies, By William Golding And The Perks Of Being A Wallflower1087 Words   |  5 Pagessome of my most beloved. In my junior year, I read A Separate Peace by John Knowles for my AP U.S. History class while I read The Catcher in the R ye by J.D. Salinger over the summer. A Separate Peace explores the rivalry that can lie at the heart of many friendships and conveys the concept of individuality rather than conformity. Similarly, The Catcher in the Rye is the story of a teenage boy who despises the phoniness of society and fears becoming just another phony adult. Both novels share similarRead MoreHolden Caulfield and the Pressures of Society: The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger1286 Words   |  6 Pagesnovel to life. In the bildungsroman, The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, characterization is often found, especially regarding the protagonist, Holden Caulfield. Salinger also includes many themes in his novel relating to growing up in a corrupt society. Hence, this paper will compare, contrast, and evaluate literary criticisms regarding the themes and characterization of J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye. Many critics of The Catcher in the Rye discuss in depth the characterizationRead MoreAmerican Literature And Ways They Cultivate Their Own Methods Of Survival Within Their Societies1484 Words   |  6 Pageschildhood and adulthood, the lonely adolescent navigates through a loss of innocence and disenchantment to come to terms with his own male identity, as well as establish his role in society and find purpose as an adult. J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye follows anti-hero Holden Caulfield through a seemingly innocuous trip in New York City. Throughout his journey, Holden tries desperately to interact with others but often finds himself alienated; in this way, Salinger portrays him more as anRead MoreJD Salinger Research Paper1671 Words   |  7 Pages Jerome David Salinger, also known as J. D. Salinger, is a fascinating author best known for his novel, Catcher in the Rye. Although Salinger only published one novel, he wrote several short stories for magazines like The New Yorker and Story. A large number of these stories went on to be compiled into books such as Nine Stories, Franny and Zooey, and Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction. Despite the fact Salinger has not published any stories in over 45 years, his reputationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Catcher Rye 880 Words   |  4 Pages Risi Amadi Mr. Webb The Catcher in the Rye Part I: Reading Logs Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger Entry #1 220 Pages Pages 1-40 This book started very different compared to most other book, its different because throughout the beginning gives a lot of information is given to the reader that you would not expect until later on in the story. The beginning also gives us a back story of most of the characters but they go into most depth with Holden. Holden Caulfield is the main characterRead MoreShould Banned Be Banned? A High School Curriculum?1603 Words   |  7 Pagesgruesome, yet extremely realistic portrayal of life. Among the novels that have been banned is The Catcher in The Rye, written by J.D Salinger, which describes the idiosyncratic ideals of sixteen year old mischief-maker, Holden Caulfield, and recounts the days following his suspension from Pencey University. In spite of the repetitive presence of sexual content and references it contains, The Catcher In The Rye should be included in all high school curriculums as it allows students to provoke deeper thoughtRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye as a C oming-of-Age Story Essay841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye can be read as a coming-of-age story. How does Holden’s Character change or mature during the course of the novel? To what extent are there TWO Holden Caulfields in the book, and what is the difference between them? The novel ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ by J.D Salinger is a coming-of-age story. It follows the short tale of Holden Caulfield, a sixteen year old boy, who throughout his experiences in the novel, changes and becomes more mature and independent. The story essentiallyRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye and 6 Degrees of Separation Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesThe human condition is as far from reason and judgement as anything can be, it is what we have tried to explain for centuries and it is still a confusing maze we attempt and pretend to understand. Holden from The Catcher in the Rye and Paul from Six degrees of Separations help to explore the workings of the human condition, both boys are conflicted with their lives and have difficulty fitting into their society. However these two texts do put the boys in different positions in life, Holden hasRead More The Phony Theme of The Catcher In The Rye Essay example1353 Words   |  6 PagesThe Phony Theme of The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In life there comes a time when everyone thinks that they are surrounded by phoniness. This often happens during the teen years when the person is trying to find a sense of direction. Holden Caulfield, a 16-year-old teen-ager is trying to find his sense of direction in J.D. Salingers, The Catcher In The Rye. Holden has recently been expelled from Pency Prep for failing four out of his five classes. He decides to start

Invented Tradition free essay sample

Generally tradition is known as a mode of thought or behavior which has been followed or practice by people continuously from generation to generation such as custom or usage. In purpose to strengthen the above statement, by citing the general definition of the tradition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Dictionary of the fourth edition explains tradition is a common, customs, beliefs and other have perpetual succession. The of term tradition (English word) is derived from the Latin word ‘traditio’, the noun from the verb traderer or tradere literally meaning to transmit, to hand over or to give for safekeeping. While it is commonly assumed that traditions have ancient history, there are many traditions that have been invented on purpose, whether that be political or cultural [Wikipedia, 2011]. There are various views expressed by scholars and academic figures on the tradition in a society based on the eyes and fundamentalism that dominated their thinking. For instance, Eric Hobsbawm is one of Britain’s most prominent historians with his view of tradition and identity. However, he has a different perception on the meaning of tradition and this led him introduced the term of ‘invention of tradition’. According to Hobsbawm in his book entitled The Invention of Tradition (1983), tradition is something that can be constructed and institutionalized unlike the ordinary definition who thought tradition is something that the practice of generations in a society. Hobsbawm also argued that the new traditions were invented to connect people to the territories and to give sense of belonging to each other. In Europe, time of inventing tradition was took place around the 19th century. By inventing tradition, the nation will gained its legitimacy in order to build a modern nation-state. In other words, we can say that the new invented traditions enhances patriotism, loyalty, duty and the like which their function can be summarizing into three parts. Firstly as to establish or symbolize cohesion or the membership of groups; secondly, to legitimize institutions, status or relations of authority and lastly is to create beliefs, value systems and conventions of behavior. Almost all countries throughout the world create their own traditions in order to express their culture as well as specialized it from outside communities. Amongst them, Malaysia is not exception in creating its own tradition too. There are many invented tradition in Malaysia either as a whole or by the existing ethnic group. For instance, one of the most popular invented tradition among Malaysian is open house which usually held during the festive season. Besides, there are also another invented tradition that have been practice by people of Malaysia such as wearing a school uniform, wearing Batik, honor to national flag and so on. My first point on the invented tradition in Malaysia is open house. The term open house can be defined as a place or situation in which all visitors are welcome. Pursuant to the Macmillan Dictionary (2007), the term is also referred as a period of time when people are encouraged to visit a place and it is a party which we invite people to come whenever they want to during a particular time period. The reason I look open house as an invented tradition in my country because this event will be held at every festival celebration celebrated by the people of Malaysia. This is because it has become a tradition or the yearly event to Malaysia government to implement an open house nationally either during the celebration of Hari Raya, Chinese New year, Deepavali and Christmas with the hope of uniting all communities in Malaysia in order to build the country as a nation-state. The second point of the invented tradition that I have found in Malaysian culture is wearing a school uniform for student. As we know, wearing school uniforms to school whether primary or secondary school is seen as one of the ducational tradition which grew from the days before independence in which it was introduced by the British, who ruled at that time. This tradition has been going on for almost 185 years since the establishment of the first Malay school in Malaya that is Gelugor Malay School, 1826. This tradition clearly invented and constructed by the British and later institutionalized by the Malaysian government through the Ministry of Education as one of obligation to each student who go to school [Tradition is an invented, constructed and institutionalized]. The purpose of the institutionalized this invented tradition is to nurture a discipline among the student and based on it we can bring forth a new generation with the ideal personality in leading the nation in future. Next invented tradition is wearing Batik among the public employees. In an effort to elevate the art of batik as a national heritage, the political authorities of Malaysia had voiced a strong wish that all public employees should wear batik at work at least one day every week [Batik at the Millennial Turn]. Because of that, on Thursday weekly, each public employee is encouraged to wear batik themed. By adjusting the characteristics of formal wear, it has become a correct attire for man at formal occasions like a long-sleeved batik shirt. With the elevate the art of batik as a one of Malaysia national heritage, our artistic heritage left by ancestors will remain protected. My final point on the invented tradition that available in my country is honor to our national flag which also known as Jalur Gemilang. Despite the splendor of the Jalur Gemilang, there were the meanings of itself. As an example, each color in it, has its own meaning such as blue field symbolizes the unity of the Malaysian people while the fourteen bands represent the federal government and a group of thirteen states [Malaysian Flag]. I tend to say this is a invented tradition because after my country getting independence from the colonialist, it become a tradition to most of the Malaysian to flying Jalur Gemilang especially when there comes the month of independence which is mid of August and during National Day celebrations till the formation day of Malaysia which is called Hari Malaysia on September 16th. This is one of the way we as Malaysians to show our love for the country. Lastly, as a whole we can conclude that Hobsbawm thinking on the concept of tradition is particularly helpful in understanding the cultural development of the society. His idea of critical and thoughtful is seen critical and constructive by saying that the tradition in a society can be invented, constructed and institutionalized by certain parties to achieve their own objectives. As we could see, there are many invented tradition in Malaysia which have its own aim to achieve on her way to set up a nation-state.

Students Skipping School Essay Example

Students Skipping School Paper Truancy has been a problem since the first schools. In the past, students were punished by parents and their schools for skipping. Today however, with many human rights laws and rules against punishing children (Parliament of Canada), truancy comes with almost no consequences and has grown in popularity (The Independent). Truancy is often caused by the students family problems, abuse and neglect, mental and physical health issues, drug and alcohol abuse, low self esteem, lack of friends, safety concerns and a number of other reasons. Some effects of truancy on students include involvement in crime, more likely to be unemployed, decreased academics, and risk of not obtaining a higher education (GTC Michigan). Truancy not only effects the truant student itself, but also an entire class, when a teacher slows down to help him catch up. Theory  B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) was only concerned with observable behaviors, not the mental processes behind them. Skinner used animals to study how the use of rewards and punishment can influence behavior, which became known as operant conditioning. He performed the Skinner box experiment, where a rat in a cage must press a button for food to be released into the cage. After the food has run out, the rat stopped pressing the button after a few futile attempts. This is called extinction. We will write a custom essay sample on Students Skipping School specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Students Skipping School specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Students Skipping School specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) studied â€Å"self actualizing† people, which is reaching ones full potential, only after basic needs are met. Maslow created his Hierarchy of Needs, it explains that basic needs must be fulfilled before higher order needs become important.  Carl Rogers (1902 – 1987) developed client-centered therapy. This approach focuses on the potential of each person to realize his or her own growth in self-awareness and self-fulfillment. I think B.F Skinners research could be applied to the issue of skipping school the best. Although therapy is important for truant students, rewards and punishments are more important. School is a place that teaches discipline, and Skinners idea demonstrates just that.  Solutions  The following are some possible solutions to dealing with truancy in the classroom.  1. Make students feel needed at school. To do this, teachers can assign certain responsibilities to the students, such as group projects. This way, the students will feel a responsibility to others and may be less likely to skip because they will feel guilty. 2. Use a reward system (operant conditioning). Offer truant students a reward for perfect attendance for a certain amount of time. This may encourage them to attend school for the reward.  3. Make students feel liked at school. To do this, teachers can display students work, be supportive of students, and engage students in group activities and clubs where they can be social and do work at the same time.  4. Work together with the truant students families. Find out why the student skips school and figure out a solution to prevent or change this behavior. This is an effective method because the families know the students the best and can find productive solutions together with the school. 5. Find out why the students skip school and figure out a solution. Counseling groups and guidance counselors are very important for this role, but they must respect the students opinions and statements and work with them to fix their problems (client-centered therapy).  6. Some students skip school because they are failing and see no point of returning to school. Teachers should give these students an opportunity to make up for their missing work and provide extra help at lunch or after school.  7. Make sure that the school is a safe and positive atmosphere for all students. Teach students to respect each other through assemblies and in class work. Increase teacher supervision. Conduct student surveys to find out how they feel about the school environment. Be open to suggestions from students on how to improve the school environment.

Florida Healthcare System

Florida Healthcare System Abstract Revenue management in any organization involves four basic elements, which are very vital. These include policy planning, assessment, evaluation and corrective measures. For any organization to run successfully it must have a planning method for its revenues that is concise and meets the organizational needs. In fact, technical expertise is needed in carrying out the plan for implementation.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Florida Healthcare System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After the planning process, the organizations need to set achievable goals and objectives within the scope of its work. The goals and objectives should be measurable and specific to maintain focus of the workforce. The stakeholders need to come up with an action plan that they follow to meet their set limits. The action plan set must denote time and give clear responsibilities to the entire stakeholder. Evaluation and cont rol measures are the final part in policy management that gauge the achievements against the goals set. Corrective measures also need to be followed when deviations are detected. A study in Florida revenue structure reveals several issues of concern, especially in the health care sector. The revenue collected by the local government and redistributors among the population majorly runs the public health care system. This calls for a proper revenue management by local government to reduce losses and revenue mismanagement. The revenue alone cannot help in solving the health care needs in Florida health. Therefore, other sources of financing enable them carry out their activities. However, the local government faces several economic challenges in meeting the health care demands. Introduction The need to satisfy healthcare demand using the scarce local government resources has led to cost maximization and proper utilization of these scarce resources. This led to the study of how local go vernment revenue can be effectively and efficiently collected and utilized. The study also involves assessment of various factors affecting the local government revenues and the implication of policy system in revenue management. Government Revenue Assessment Florida has a well-structured health system. This includes the Government and the public sector. Funding policies have undergone several re-adjustments to create equity, affordability and accessibility of health care to all people.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The rates of revenue historically show drastic changes due dynamic nature of health care investment. The changes in government revenue pattern and rates are majorly attributed to economic patterns, which affect the stability and financial power of the government and the changes in health care system as well as its provision (Cropf, 2008). These factors include the disease patterns, which have led to more expensive health lifestyle problems. As a result, the government revenue polices are always run to meet these demands. Several government revenue systems are identified in this local government acting at various levels include, taxes, fees, grants, fines, gambling revenue, and aids (Starling, 2010). Taxes Taxation is as the major revenue contributor to many local governments. Taxes collected by government are of different types namely; income tax, property taxes, sales tax, payroll tax and property tax. Government needs include raising revenue for the local authorities operation in different sectors, redistribution of national wealth and price adjustment on externalities such as alcohol and tobacco, which are some of the signs of citizen representation to the government. Income tax is levied by the government from individual person’s earning, either in business, employment or cooperation sector. In the personal inve stment, the tax levied is based on profits and net gains. The tax computation is based on national tax law principles. The income tax can be regressive or progressive in nature depending on the government tax polices and laws. For instance, Pay as You Earn (P.A.Y.E) mode is mostly applied by many jurisdictions on personal taxes. Capital gain tax on capital assets is another revenue source under the government income tax (Lee Wayne, 1998). Social security fund revenue is usually found in the health sector of the government. It is a compulsory fund on health, often based on an individual income. Some governments use earning rates to determine the amount paid by an individual while in some cases it is a constant rate according to an individual’s health needs. In some government systems there are upper and lower limits of payments made by an individual (Starling, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Florida Healthcare System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are also value added taxes and sales taxes. Value added tax (VAT) is imposed on the manufactured goods and services. The manufacturers sell their products and services at higher prices to the retailers since they need to settle the value added tax paid to the government. On the other hand, Sale tax is levied on consumers when they purchase any product. It is among the major contributors to the government’s revenue collections (Lee Wayne, 1998). Moreover, the government gets a lot of revenue from tariffs, excise duty, ad valorem tax, occupation tax from licenses and inheritance taxes. Public facilities such as sports and recreation centres also contribute immensely to the government revenue. Some of the major sources of revenue to the local government include fees, permits, and licenses. Besides, there are revenues from transport, health care and education sector. Various government businesses and foreign transac tions also greatly contribute to its revenues (Usa, 2011). The Chart below shows the United States Total Revenue This shows the general Federal States revenue, as a major contributor to the local Government Health Care Program. The USA total revenue is also an indicator of the local government capacity in revenue collection. In turn, they receive the federal government aids.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Health Care Funding in Florida Health care sector needs a lot of financing since it is wide and very dynamic. To come up with a proper solution to the funding, policies have been drawn in the local government. The policy systems also ensure equitable and quality health distribution that is accessible to all the social classes. Although efficient and effective financing system is hard to achieve in health care, many health programs implementation in Oregon have been met through the financing systems (Wallace, 2010). The federal government funding towards health care is a great contributor in the country’s health care system. This has been undertaken through direct injection of funds or indirectly through the acquisition of facility aid and health personnel from the federal government. Government funds are state’s risk pool revenues arrangement aimed at all the population extensive health care provision. In addition to government funding, the government offers support to this health care through the social health policy (Wallace, 2010). Social insurance source of financing is mainly from the employers’ contribution and salaried employees. It also provides a cover to the unemployed in this government through the social funds. The program is associated with benefit package to the health care contributors. Notably, this is a non-profit program. In Florida, social funds have created minimal dependence on negations of budget other than on the state funded health care system and it is the most strongly supported health funding system by the citizens (Lee Wayne, 1998). The local government of Florida authorities have also injected indirectly in community-based health insurance. This health insurance seeks assistance of the government policy makers to help those that are unable to purchase healthcare insurance from the formal sector. It achieved a better health care access to the people in many parts of this local authority (Usa, 2011). The Chart B elow shows Florida local Government Financial Contribution toward Health Care in the Local Authority From the chart, it can be noted that the user fees and out of pocket take the largest share of the health payment system. The lowest contributor to healthcare is the insurance that ranks lowest as a result of high charges they offer. The government contributes 22 percent of the finances in health care (Lee Wayne, 1998). The governments also provide Medicaid services to enable the low-income groups to access health care. Medicaid is aimed at all the population despite the ages of the people who cannot afford personal insurance. In Florida, Medicare takes the basic health needs burden from the low-income group. Medicaid services are also available for the elderly and disabled group. To supplement their out-pocket medical use, the local government has promoted the provision medigap method by private insurers. This mostly aimed at the poor who are unable to purchase their health insura nce security (Wallace, 2010). Some of national budgeting data for the government are tabulated. The data were taken from some of the priorities set by the government in health care provision and amount in dollar used. The table shows the major government priorities in health care budget across the years, including medical services to seniors, venders’ medical users and public health service provision. It is noticed that health cost is constantly rising across the years. This has been attributed to rise in health care diseases among the population (Lee Wayne, 1998). The below shows Health Care Financial Budget by the Local Authority from the Year 2005-20010Â  (m.s) is the medical service rendered to the seniors. Financial Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Health Care Cost 882.0 866.1 920.0 1,042.2 1,129.9 1,233.0 [+] M. S (sn) 494.3 492.3 534.4 563.8 589.2 638.4 [+] Medical Service 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 [+] Public H S. 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 [+] RD Health 36 .1 36.0 33.6 32.4 32.1 32.0 [+] Health n.e.c. 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 [+] Vendor Payments 347.0 333.0 347.1 441.2 503.9 557.8 Restrictions in Government Revenues on health Budgeting Government spending in health care is determined by the economic status of the state and the federal government. During hard economic times, the government spending on health is reduced drastically to compensate for other sectors of the economy. This comes up with several challenges to the users who are insured under the government like in Medicaid and Medicare provision. At times the cost of health is so high that proper provision needs extra funds, which the local government cannot easily allocate successfully. Therefore, the local government is restricted to the most basic primary health care (Federal Reserve Bank, 1997). Operation of many local authorities gets a lot of influence from the state government. The local authority finds itself at a cross road at times when undertaking its programs due to regulatory measures by the government providers on the revenue use and application. The local authority’s policies and health care priorities sometimes do not run with the government priorities, and are often forced to abandon their priorities to meet the financiers’ needs. Due to these, the government restricts the local authorities budgeting (Wallace, 2010). Dynamics nature of health care and span make its budgeting policies very complex to amend every budgeting period to meet the new challenges. The increase on life style diseases has made it difficult for the health care planners to carry out adequate budgeting. This can be depicted from financial short falls which normally occur in many planning periods. Budgeting for health generally has become very unpredictable, including the insurance coverage needs (Wallace, 2010). Effect of Public Decision Policy on Revenue Policies decisions are vital in revenue collection and creation of a harmonized environment to the revenue users and collectors. Policies enable people to appreciate the need and usefulness of collecting taxes. Every government has a distinct and proper policy set up for collection and use of its revenues. The decision is vital in various ways for the local government, especially in safeguarding government resources. The decisions taken into consideration include revenue recognition in line with the general accounting principles and management of the receivable accounts by the government. Finally, the decisions are important in creating a negotiation on matters related to the revenue systems (Starling, 2010). The policy structure describes the local government revenue is in the different parts. There are policies on collection and utilization of the government fees from the local health institutions. Grants and aids have systematic methods of handling them as well. Medical services income and investment income are also handled according to specific policies to make sure ther e is a proper and transparent health care delivery. In addition, the government has laid regulations and policies on management of contributions and other forms of sources, which are normally channeled to specific programs (Cropf, 2008). The management and formulation of the policies are under specific management bodies, each charged with different responsibility. The work of the teams is to monitor and start the implementation under their jurisdiction. This is done according to the need and demand priorities in health care provision to the people. Managers in charge of the policies also ensure accountability, billing and collection of revenue in accordance with decisions on the ground. At times, the revenue management circle follows a given benchmarks to produce targeted goals (Starling, 2010). When wrong decision on revenue management is made, the collection processes might be impaired from the first instance. This comes as a result of the people’s failure to understand the revenue system. Pressure groups might go against the policies makers as well. In many places, poor accountability and transparency have led to loss of revenue, thus it becomes necessary that proper handling polices are drawn to ensure efficient collection and use of the resources (Wallace, 2010). Choosing programs to run the health care requires the managers who have proper understanding of health care structure. The government must come up with proper recruitment policies which ensure that the health system is properly managed by responsible managers and planners. Revenue collection from other sources such as aids needs proper negotiators who can draw and clearly come up with the requirements of the negotiators. Generally, the decisions made in these stages mark the success or failure of revenue management (Cropf, 2008). Economic Conditions that Affect Revenue Projections Revenue projection by the government depends on several economical factors, and any changes in these either po sitively or negatively affect the revenue. When the consumption pattern changes due to economic cycles, the health care revenue pattern also changes. This results from economic factors such as inflation, decline in asset values, geopolitical factors, cost of credit and its nature, solvency and the stability of financial institutions, the financial market, and internal and external business pattern. Projecting revenue in any sector also becomes hard as a result of economic uncertainty that affects the financial market (Wallace, 2010). The demand for health services and the availability of its revenue on the government overlie on the capacity of its purchase. When employment issues arise, the national insurance fund gets affected proportionately. When unemployment looms the contributors to health reduces while the consumers increase in number. This poses a great challenge to the government (Federal Reserve Bank, 1997). At the same time economical problems like recessions normally resu lt in poor trade pattern, the government might end up making losses in businesses as well as expecting limited revenue from the business sector. Consumers of healthcare at this time find it hard to purchase health products and opt to basic primary health strategy. Fees charged on the health premises reduce drastically, forming part of the affected revenue system. Many people normally opt for promotion health pattern that do not require much financial investment to reduce their spending (Wallace, 2010). Taxation patterns change with economic system when economical cycle is low; many people reduce their investment in the capital market. Consequently, manufacturing firms reduce their purchases since the consumption rate becomes low. This directly affects the VAT and other trade related taxes. The government revenue also falls despite the need for the government to cushion most of its people from the economic challenges. Tariffs and customs also normally get affected by these changes ma king the revenue projection difficult (Wallace, 2010). Pension deficits are also major hindrance to revenue projection. Many people under pension who fail to receive their pension become a challenge in projection of revenue since the groups are normally included in the revenue calculation. On the other hand, the government uses a lot of money every year to cover these pensions that in turn cut back into the projection estimates. Calculation of pension to derive clear projection of revenue is also very difficult due to changes in pattern of employment and unemployment rates. Clear projections of revenues become rather hard or inaccurate for the planners at the national and local level (Federal Reserve Bank, 1997). Public Debt always forms another challenge facing the revenue projection, both domestic and foreign. The accruing debts come with the expenses, which normally are being carried from one generation to another. The debt repayments normally affect the revenue sectors significa ntly. This is because the projected revenues are utilized in non-profit generating programs. Thus, the planning becomes significantly challenging because of the debts. In turn, several public sectors including health get hugely affected due low net revenue (Usa, 2011). Furthermore, there are economical losses in natural disasters, hurricanes and earthquakes affecting Florida. In as much as they are not anticipated. A lot of investments get destroyed when these disasters occur. At the same time, the government invests a lot to restore these structures in place. A lot of expected revenue is these areas are not met while more is used to restore the situation on the ground. This has made projection of revenue in Florida generally hard and always results in the failures. It is beyond the control of the government since some of these points mark lucrative investment zones by the local government the tourism industry. Health investment meets these challenges as its funds are utilized in mi tigation measures (Federal Reserve Bank, 1997). Major revenue challenge in projection comes from the management of social security fund and retirement. This comes with failure to many people in Florid to take their own saving measures. Many people reach retirement age with little or no saving for both livelihood and health care. The government hence spends a lot in social security funds and other revenue sources to cater for the basic needs of these groups, mostly in Medicare and Medicaid insurances. Projection of the revenue is a challenge since it is never accurate in calculation of the amounts invested in health (Usa, 2011). In the technological advancement, the states spend a lot in to cope with technology in various fields like in business, security and science. Projection of yearly spending on these sectors is very hard since each year comes with a new challenge, often at a higher cost. The state hence is unable to accurately determine the revenue amount it spends in these sec tors. These make revenue projection generally hard and most unachievable (Usa, 2011). Revenue Policy For an effectively management of health care system in Florida, there is a need for concrete management and control of the revenue system. This calls for a properly diagnosed health revenue procedure and policies. In Florida, the local government came with a revenue control and management policies in all it sectors to ensure accountability, transparency and efficiency in running the program (Cropf, 2008). The policy system runs as shown: Internal Control Measures In order to manage revenue effectively, a proper organization of input, process and out put resources are put into place. Proper coordination in communication and technological application is enhanced. A chain of hierarchy is drawn from managers to lower level work force (Wallace, 2010). The aspects of internal control are; Work organization and delegation of duties Process of payment recording from various accounts Efficie nt fund deposits to respective areas Reconciliation of major accounting books Creation of security measures Application of automated systems for accurate processing and harmonization Creation of control and fraud detection procedures with efficient reporting process Checking on compliance and non compliance measures by internal audit Accounting Records from different health department need to be kept according the standards accounting procedures. At the accounting stage; Proper general ledger must be used in recording Fiscal accounting period must be given consideration Billing There must be a properly established account of receivable for the advanced health care services (Wallace, 2010). The bills need; To be properly dated except when stated by resolution or ordinance On going account is necessary for service taken prior to payments The bills need to be handled from central account then transferred to central ledger. Fund Deposits Proper depositing criteria need to be follow ed any time funds are to be deposited. In the health care deposits are; Numerically controlled tied to official document from that department Mode of payment should be indicated Receivers identity need to be noted Transfer of receipts to the accounting books Posting the changes to the supervisor Remote site These are areas away from the treasury. These collection points need to; Have a cash threshold that they deposit early the following day All collections need no surpass five working days before deposit Non deposited funds securely locked in safes Keeping of shortage account for differences No application of change drawer for personal work Escrow Funds When funds are sent to the system before the recognition of the revenue to remitted back they should be deposited in Escrow liability account that earns interest. Interested will only remitted in Escrow under agreement When they have gone proper identification they are hence transferred as revenue Can only be returned under com pliance payee on transferring for non-compliance Collection Collection will be done under each department with procedural and within specified period. Receivable accounts needs to be recorded to permit analysis by the entity Notice must be given to past due accounts and restrictions provided as possible Returns It the duty of each department to monitor and control returned cheques. They shall; Unless specified, be handled by treasury Fees charged on these cheques Bad Debt For these be dealt with, it need to be considered under receivable account. The computation should be annually based on write offs and aging of the receivables. Budgetary Review The monitoring of the accounts shall be within a specified time by the supervisors. Considerations shall be on; Oversight from the departments Revenue budget presented with documented evidence Monitoring shall be carried out across the year The policy system is aligned a specific checklist that evaluates the performance standard at e ach level (Wallace, 2010). Conclusion Despite challenges faced in Florida health care system, the government has high potential of helping the population as long as better measures of revenue collection and utilization are in place. This calls for identification of challenges in revenue management and development of mitigation measures, which are supportive. After the identification process, the revenue structure should be assessment and re-drawn to meet the local government demands. This way, health and other sectors in Florida stand high chances of success. References Cropf, R. (2008). American Public Administration: Public Service Administration for the 21st Century. New York, NY: Pearson Longman. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. (1997). Economic Review (Vols. 33-34). New York, NY: New York Press. Lee, R, D., Wayne, R. J. (1998). Public Budgeting System. Canada: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Starling, G. (2010). Managing Public Sector. Boston: Wordsworth Publishers. Usa, I. ( 2011). Samoa, American Country Study Guide: Strategic Information and Developments. Washington, DC: International Business Publishers. Wallace, S. (2010). State and Local Fiscal Policy: Thinking outside the Box. Massachusetts: Edward Elga Publishers.

Tourism websites analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Tourism websites analysis - Research Paper Example The report also reflects the structure of marketing objectives, is prepared under the accrual, and outputs framework. Yours sincerely, Name: Executive summary The introductory part of this study shows the need for having marketing research. This is through analysis of tourism websites showing that taking a marketing research is necessary in order to formulate decisions and strategies for business success. In carrying out a marketing research, there is need to develop skills needed in seeking information about the market and marketing issues. This helps in assessing quality of information linking it with the business goal to make it stronger. It is also necessary to understand the competitive environment as it helps in seizing market opportunities in places where they exist making the market productive. The analysis shows that every business is analysed by the factors that affect its functions and these factors attribute for the success or failure of the business. In conclusion, hotel s are valued as a strategic community partner due to its mission of enabling people to save money to better their lives. Table of contents Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Background to the problem †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ... †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 Limitation & Future research †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18   Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 20 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 21 Introduction Marketing in every industry involves change, as change is inevitable in every business practices, as business people believe that change is able to maintain a competitive position. Hiatt (2010) describes that change is an essential factor to consider for surviving in today’s market. Organisational change involves adding new people or modifying programs it also include change in mission and restructuring operations such as restructuring self managed teams or layoffs, improved new technologies and mergers. Change occurs not for any reason but to accomplish an overall goal and it is usually provoked by outside driving force such as addressing new markets or need for dramatic increases in productivity. The above study shows the impact of marketing in the tourism industry. The study will also show how organizations and among employees undertake the role of human resource in managing change. A review of tourism websites shows that taking a marketing research is necessary in order to formulate decisions and strategies for business success. In carrying out a marketing research, there is need to develop skills needed in seeking information about the market and marketing issues. This helps in assessing quality of information linking it with the business goal to make it stronger. It is also necessary to understand the competitive environment as it helps in seizing market opportunities in places where they exist making the market productive. Companies having the

The Salvadoran During The Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Salvadoran During The Civil War - Essay Example The situation in El Salvador was that of a stalemate. US government backed the Salvadoran government, however, that was not enough to claim victory. There are no winners or losers in a war, only survivors: and this proved true in the case of El Salvador as well. There are eyewitnesses and journalists who gave their accounts of the state of affairs during the Salvadoran civil war. Cynthia Arnson, a commentator on the national and international affairs especially with concern to the United States and Latin America commented on the gruesome force used by the state government. The government appointed death squads to start systematic eradication of the Salvadoran opponents and not only mutilate their bodies but to use this as a means of wreaking havoc and terrorizing the general population. Such tactics would lead to permanent terror settling into the minds of the public and would disallow them to engage in anti-state affairs and activities in the future. The mid-1980s was the era when s tate-sponsored population killings were the most prominent. The civil war took a very long time despite the efforts to bring an end to the war from both parties. FMLN refused to participate in the presidential elections because they felt that the results would be unfair. Due to this reason, they boycotted the presidential elections. And when the FMLN organized the peace talks in order to settle down the conflicting issues, the Salvadoran government also refused to participate.The Salvadoran civil war would have ended a lot earlier